If I understand you correctly, You should be able to utilize link aliasing for this implementation. it may depend on they type of data you are trying to capture and apply to the user profile, but you can trigger an update to a user profile based on a link click (the link aliasing feature will help you identify the specific link) and add the attribute and value to the user profile via a user update step or a webhook step using a track call.
https://www.braze.com/docs/user_guide/message_building_by_channel/email/templates/link_aliasing#link-aliasing